Factors Affecting the School Readiness of Public...

Chapter I The Problem and Its Setting Rationale Kindergarten marks the beginning of formal education. The child’s initial school experience can influence the way he feels and acts to future school activities. I will also affect the way he relates to other people and his environment for the rest of his life. Success or failure at this stage can affect his well-being, self-esteem, motivation and perspectives. Lack of kindergarten readiness may also lead to his being held back in the next grade level. School readiness is defined as the â€Å"ability to cope, learn, and achieve without undue stress†. In the Philippines public and private schooling begins with kindergarten, when a child is about 5 years old. Kindergarten is 3 to 4 hours a day or†¦show more content†¦Children need many types of language experiences which include being read with and also participation in family conversation. Storytelling, nursery rhyme and reading enrich the language experience. Parents must spend time with oral language activitie s for a strong foundation in reading and spelling (Graue.1992). There are several factors affecting the school readiness of public kindergarten pupils namely: maturation, relevance of materials and methods of instruction, emotional attitude, personal adjustment, social status and tribe. Other contributors to the readiness gap are environmental stress, family income, parents’ literacy, nutrition premature birth, health, early childcare, experiences, low birth weight and genetic endowment. Maturation affects the readiness of the kindergarteners because the child has not reach yet a sufficient stage of mental and physical development needed to perform school tasks characteristics of that particular grade level which entails a higher level of performance than that of which he has at the moment. Experiences determine the kindergarten readiness for learning. Exposure to environment and varied activities will help the child learn. Children learn from seeing, hearing, touching and th ese experiences will help the child get to know his environment better. To interpret reality, children must experience their surroundings through imagination and discovery. Rooted in the experience

Nvq 3 Health and Social Care Unit 2 Essay - 906 Words

Pia George NVQ Health and Social Care Unit 2: Engage in Personal Development in Health and Social Care Settings 1.1 1.2 My job requires that I am personally responsible to uphold the statement of values in all areas of my work. I have to provide emotional and educational support and demonstrate a caring attitude towards others which is based on respect dignity and equality. I plan organise and implement activities within my service, following risk assessments. I, as with any member of staff am involved in the planning and delivering of learning programmes which support personal and behavioural change, with direction and support from my senior. I maintain communication with other members of staff regarding individuals, sharing†¦show more content†¦2.3 We all have our own values, how important we think something is. E.g. honesty, and how important people think it is - very important, quite important, not important. Belief systems, religious beliefs, cultural norms etc, and experiences, our background and upbringing, events that affect the way we think. Not everyone sees things as we do and we might not agree with others. However, when working with people whose beliefs differ from our own, we must feel that our beliefs and values are being respected in order to reciprocate. Honesty is something I value in another person, and I have struggled with service users who haven’t been honest about something. I have tried hard to understand the reasons why someone would not be honest with me. Usually after I have spoken to another member of staff, and heard their input and theories I can begin to see why and move on from the incident. 3.1 4.1 My Senior - She helps me by answering any concerns I have about work. We have regular supervisions, where we set targets and goals for the coming month and sometimes beyond, these are reviewed at the following supervision. Our Head of Service comes in to speak to me about my role. She will advise and support me with my performance andShow MoreRelatedUnit 2 Assignment P2 P3 M11036 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿BTEC Level 3 90 Credit Diploma in Health Social Care Student Name: Date Submitted: Unit: 2.2 Equality, diversity and rights in health and social care I certify that the attached work is original and my own: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Student Signature Assessment Title: Concepts and discriminatory and discriminatory practices Lecturer: Nicky Edwards, Patricia Britto Issue Date: w/c 6th October 2014 Hand in date: 24th October 2014 Criteria 1st Referral Hand in DateRead MoreUnit 1 Err 2011683 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Unit 201- Outcome 1 Aspects of Employment - Dismissal, redundancy, retirement and TUPE - Breaches of contract - Health and Safety - Maternity / Paternity leave - Holidays, sickness and compassionate leave - Discrimination and bullying in work place - Removal of barriers for disabled people - Data Protection - Discrimination during recruitment process - Equality within the workplace, for example, working hours, pay, benefits - How you are managed in the work place - Entitlement to career developmentRead MorePersonal Statement for Senior Supprt Worker Essay757 Words   |  4 Pagesvarious social care settings for over 5 years from which I gained a broad knowledge in providing professional support to service users to enable and promote independent living and fulfilment. I am a conscientious worker and a credible team player with high degree of flexibility towards performance of my work. In the course of seeking both personal and professional development I have pursued and achieved several trainings and qualifications which include NVQ level 2 amp; 3 in Health and Social CareRead MoreINDIVIDUAL RIGHTS TO SERVICE USERS Essay971 Words   |  4 Pagesbrief – BTEC (NQF) Assignment title Individual Rights in Health and Social Care Assessor Tracey Simpson Date issued 16/09/14 Hand in deadline Duration (approx) 6 hours Qualification covered BTEC First Diploma in Health and Social Care Units covered Unit 8: Individual Rights in Health and Social Care Learning aims covered Learning Aim A: Investigate the rights of individuals using health and social care services Learning Aim B: Examine the responsibilities of employersRead MorePersonal Development Qcf Level 2 or 3 Health and Social Care Guidance Notes966 Words   |  4 Pagesaccount qcf health and social care level 2 or 3 unit 2 personal development study aid or guidance notes A Reflective account, which addresses the subject of personal development, within the role of a social care worker. You could use this learning resource as a guidance/reference aid, in producing your own reflective account. This explains understanding of your personal development, training, and support available within your role. EXAMPLE REFLECTIVE ACCOUNT I have been employed as care workerRead Morehealth science937 Words   |  4 Pages Health professionals require good communication skills in order to carry out their roles effectively. It is therefore important for those embarking on a career in health and social care that they gain knowledge and understanding of skills involved in communication. This unit will develop and enhance communication and interpersonal skills, and will consider communication theories. On completion of this unit a learner should: UnderstandRead MorePersonal Development Qcf Level 2 or 3 Health and Social Care Guidance Notes958 Words   |  4 Pagesaccount qcf health and social care level 2 or 3 unit 2 personal development study aid or guidance notes A Reflective account, which addresses the subject of personal development, within the role of a social care worker. You could use this learning resource as a guidance/reference aid, in producing your own reflective account. This explains understanding of your personal development, training, and support available within your role. EXAMPLE REFLECTIVE ACCOUNT I have been employed as care worker withRead MoreDiploma Q Essay3165 Words   |  13 PagesBTEC Apprenticeship Assessment Workbook Level 2 Health Social Care 1 1. THE APPRENTICESHIP AND YOUR ROLE In this induction section you will show that you understand the employer/employee relationship and what someone who works in the health and social care sector is required to do. The Workbook will help you to show that you follow agreed ways of working. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING Task 1 WorkSkills: Unit 1: 1.1, 1.2 Task 1a Complete the spider diagram below to show that you understandRead MoreExplain key influences on personal learning processes of individuals4164 Words   |  17 PagesUnit 6: Personal and Professional Development in Health and Social Care Unit code: D/600/8958 QCF Level 3: BTEC Nationals Credit value: 20 Guided learning hours: 120 Aim and purpose This unit aims to enable learners to understand the learning process and to give them the skills they need to plan for, monitor and reflect on their professional development. Learners will then be able to investigate and gain an understanding of health or social care provision. Learners mustRead MoreUnit 2 –Principles of Personal Development in Adult Social Care Settings.1473 Words   |  6 PagesLEVEL 2 – CERTIFICATE IN PREPARING TO WORK IN ADULT SOCIAL CARE UNIT 2 –Principles of personal development in adult social care settings. OUTCOME 1 Understand what is required for good practice in adult social care roles. 1.1 Identify standards that influence the way adult social care job roles are carried out. Below is a list of some of the legislations that are relevant to adult social care. These make up ‘standards’ to follow for good practice. * Care Standards Act 2000

Cognitive Process of Analysis in Qualitative MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Cognitive Process of Analysis in Qualitative Enquiry. Answer: Introduction Pregnancy, child bearing and childbirth are important stages and events in the lives of human beings, especially women. Nevertheless, women are exposed to significant psychological and body changes before, during and after the pregnancy (Sangsawang and Sangsawang, 2013). A normal pregnancy, lactation and recovery from the childbirth process may take up to 12 months, and during this period, a mother may wish to participate in any form of sport, recreation, fitness or health exercises (Ricci and Kyle, 2009; Littleton-Gibbs and Engebretson, 2012). Prenatal awareness and education classes emphasizes on the importance of mothers to engage in mild exercises to strengthen muscles following pregnancy or the process of giving birth (Hammer, Perkins and Parr, 2000). Over a long period, nurses and caregivers encourage pregnant women to engage in walking and less intense activities to engage the muscles and remain healthy (Lauwers and Swisher, 2015). Traditionally, midwifes play a pivotal role in educating mothers on how to address postnatal problems early and manage any arising clinical or physical challenges effectively (Ricci and Kyle, 2009). One of the emerging early problems in postnatal mothers is stress urinary incontinence (Hvidman, Foldspang, Mommsen and Nielsen, 2003; Dnmez and Kavlak, 2015). Postpartum urinary incontinence is induced by vaginal deliveries, especially for mothers who are having the first birth (Farrell, Allen and Baskett, 2011; Wagg, 2010). The causes of the problem include large babies, difficulties during deliveries due to lengthy pushing or inadequate instrumentation (Farrell, Allen and Baskett, 2011). Research indicates that postnatal incontinence is a commonly overlooked, yet important aspect of maternal morbidity (Hvidman, Foldspang, Mommsen and Nielsen, 2003). Postnatal incontinence is a very serious and embarrassing Management problem among women (Macdonald, 2011). Childbirth constitutes a major risk factor for many mothers and increases the chances of developing postnatal urinary incontinence due to the trauma, stretching and widening of the pelvic floor muscles. Distention and weakness in the pelvic floor muscles and the surrounding connective tissues are the most common causes of postpartum urinary incontinence (Hvidman, Foldspang, Mommsen and Nielsen, 2003). Moreover, vaginal deliveries often result in the damage of innervations, thus contributing to the development of the problem. Vaginal deliveries often tend to limit and restrict the ability of the pelvic floor muscles to contribute to the control of bladders resulting into urinary continence. In addition, the emergency of the baby during the normal vaginal delivery stretches the muscles, nerves and fascia around the pelvic floor leading to tearing of the endopelvic fascia. The resulting pudental nerves trauma leads to the dysfunction of the pelvic floor muscles and weakening of the connective tissue. This causes women to experience symptoms of dysfunctional pelvic floor, including organ prolepses and urinary incontinent (Barlow, 1978). There is a high prevalence of urinary incontinence during the postpartum period ranging from 3-40 % of mothers (Thom and Rortveit, 2010). It is important to engage in an accurate assessment and evaluation of the incidence and prevalence of postpartum urinary incontinence in order to estimate its public health burden and determine the appropriate sample sizes required while designing and conducting clinical studies and investigations (Ege, Ak?n, Altuntu?, Benli and Arioez, 2008). The differences in estimates and prevalence of the condition may also aid nurses and medical practitioners to identify the women at significant risk of postpartum urinary incontinence (Mrkved and B, 1999). Although the clinical problem is clear, the challenge lies in designing the appropriate treatment intervention. Caregivers rarely engage in discussion on the prevention of urinary incontinence because at this stage, the only intervention is surgical procedures (Hvidman et al. 2003). There are several studies suggesting that exercises designed to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles are very important for treating stress urinary incontinence (B, Hagen, Kvarstein, Jrgensen, Larsen and Burgio, 1990; Park and Kang, 2014). The understanding of pelvic floor anatomy is critical in aiding mothers in pelvic floor exercises. Researchers recommend that mothers should be able to engage in at least 20 pelvic floor exercises (Hvidman, Foldspang, Mommsen and Nielsen, 2003). Majority of women suffering from stress urinary incontinence dont seek medical assistance. The women tend to experience and suffer from the indignity of urinary incontinence for many years, often accepting the condition as a normal part of life (Viktrup, 2002). According to Wilson, Herbison and Herbison (1996) pelvic floor exercises offers cost-effective, simple and easy to apply processes and approaches that midwives may use to address the problem. Kegel exercises are critical to addressing the challenge of stress urinary incontinence among postpartum mothers (Hay-Smith, Mrkved, Fairbrother and Herbison, 2008; Boyle, Hay-Smith, Cody and Mrkved, 2012). Unfortunately, most mothers lack the knowledge, understanding and application of Kegel exercises, the low uptake and utilization of the method in addressing stress urinary incontinence (Hvidman, Foldspang, Mommsen and Nielsen, 2003). Kegel exercises are effective in reducing urinary incontinence among mothers following childbirth (Burgio, Robinson and Engel, 1986). In a prospective randomized controlled trial involving 676 women (Control, n=328; intervention, n=348), Chiarelli and Cockburn (2002) investigated interventions for promoting urinary continence in New South Wales for women to prevent urinary incontinence after giving birth to their children. The findings from the study indicated that the intervention group had an incontinence prevalence rate of 31% while the control group had 38.4%. During follow-up, the intervention group only had 10.1 % prevalence rate while the control group had 17%. The findings from this study suggests the use of interventions that promote urinary continence can significantly reduce the problem and prevalence of incontinence in women following birth, especially regarding its severity and particularly promoting the performance of pelvic floor exercises. In another retrospective matched control trial, Mrkved and B (2000) Management investigated the effects of a postpartum pelvic floor muscle training on the treatment and prevention of urinary incontinence among 81 matched pairs of mothers (n=162). 76 pairs had virginal deliveries while 5 had elective caesarian section. The measurement of the strength of pelvic floor muscle before intervention was conducted at one year after delivery and post interventions measurement undertaken on the 8 week following training intervention. Structured interviews and standardized pad tests were used to register the continence status of the participants. The results indicated that at the one year follow up, there were a significantly large number of women in the control group than intervention group that reported stress urinary incontinence or urinary leakage during pad tests (P0.01). During the period between 16th week and 1 year postpartum, there was a significant increase in muscle strength in the i ntervention group compared to the control group. The findings from this study suggest that pelvic floor muscle training during the postpartum period is an effective intervention for treating and preventing stress urinary incontinence. Similarly, Gorbea, Velzquez and Kunhardt (2004) conducted a randomized control trial to determine contribution of pelvic floor exercises during pregnancy and puerperium on the prevalence of urinary incontinence. Measures were undertaken at 28 and 35 week of gestation and at 6 weeks following childbirth. A sample size of 72 mothers participated in the study (intervention, n=52.7% and control, n=47.2%). The study found that in the control group urinary stress incontinence was at 17.2%, 47% and 47%, respectively for the three periods, while in the intervention group, it was 0%, 0% and 15%, respectively. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in the presence of urinary stress incontinence between the two groups across the three stages of measurement. The findings from this study led to the conclusion that pelvic floor exercises during and after pregnancy were effective in preventing urinary stress incontinence. Problem Statement Despite the existence of substantial evidence supporting the effectiveness of pelvic floor exercises in preventing and treating urinary stress incontinence, there is a general lack of knowledge on the experiences and perceptions of mothers on the effectiveness Kegel exercises in improving bladder control during the early postnatal period. From the literature review, no previous study has explored the experiences, feelings and perceptions of the mothers concerning the use and effectiveness of pelvic floor (Kegel) exercises in improving bladder control and reducing postnatal urinary stress incontinence. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the mothers perceptions and experience of kegel exercises and its effectiveness in improving bladder control and reducing urinary stress incontinence during the postnatal period. The main research question is: Does Kegel exercises improve bladder control in the early postnatal mothers? The proposed study will address the following research objectives: To determine the perceptions of mothers concerning the kegel exercises during postnatal period To evaluate the self reported effectiveness of kegel exercises on improving bladder control and reducing stress urinary incontinence among postnatal mothers This being a qualitative study, there will be no formulation and testing of a research hypothesis (Corbin and Strauss, 1990). Since the study seeks to examine the perceptions and experience of the mothers concerning the effectiveness of kegel exercises in improving bladder control during the postnatal period, it is very difficult to formulate a research hypothesis due to lack of prior knowledge. Therefore, this study will depend heavily on grounded theory in generating the hypothesis based on the trends gleaned from data collection, findings and responses gathered throughout the entire qualitative research process (Corbin and Strauss, 1990). The grounded theory approach enables the researcher to engage in a qualitative investigation without feeling the pressure to develop hypothesis and only establish the trends, hypothesis nor themes emerging from the data collected. Instead of measuring, the researcher will use questioning approach, and rely on theoretical coding to develop themes and categories that will inform the hypothesis or conclusions drawn from the study (Corbin and Strauss, 1990). Research Methodology A research methodology is the framework that governs the entire approach to an investigation. A research methodology guides the researcher in determining the sample size, the target population, the methods of collecting, documenting, preparing, analyzing and presenting the research findings. A good research methodology is that which allows the researcher flexibility, is cost effective, relevant and appropriate for attaining the intended purpose of the investigation. The researcher will employ a qualitative research design to attain the purpose of the investigation. A qualitative design allows the research to explore flexibility and use the questioning approach to gather subjective information, feelings and experiences of participants concerning the defined research problem or phenomenon under investigation (Marshall and Rossman, 2011). A qualitative design allows the researcher to use different methods and approaches to study and observe the subjects in their natural settings, hence collecting accurate and relevant information within the prevailing context or situation (Marshall and Rossman, 2011). Moreover, a qualitative design allows the researcher to generate relevant insights and meaningful experiences of the participants or subjects in their daily living routines. Another advantage of the qualitative design is that it allows room for collection of complete accounts and explanations for the behavior of participants or outcomes from participa tion in given nursing programs, treatment or interventions. Therefore, qualitative research is the most effective approach for gathering experiences, perceptions and attitudes of mothers concerning the use and effectiveness of kegel exercises in improving bladder control during the postnatal period. The researcher will design and use semi-structured interviews to attain the purpose of the proposed study. The use of semi-structured interviews will allow the researcher to explore the questioning and probing approach, thus gathering more subjective information and feelings surrounding the proposed research question (Bernard and Bernard, 2012). Moreover, semi-structured interviews that are self-administered enable the researcher to collect non-verbal cues that complement the verbal information gathered from the research subjects or participants (Galletta, 2013). Using the semi-structured interview method will give the researcher flexibility to uncover descriptive data, clarify information, identify relationships and linkages between the responses from the participants and the existing theoretical background and foundations (Galletta, 2013). Collection of experiences, descriptions, feelings and emotions will enable the researcher to adequately address the research question and unders tand the perception of the postnatal mothers regarding the effectiveness of kegel exercises in improving bladder control and reducing stress urinary incontinence. The setting of the study will be mothers attending treatment at a government and public hospital in Australia. The study population will be postnatal mothers attending the hospital who are admitted for urinary blood incontinence during the postnatal period. The inclusion criteria will comprise mothers admitted to the hospital with stress urinary incontinence following a normal vaginal delivery. Only mothers who are available and willing to participate in the treatment will be included in the study. The researcher will adopt purposive sampling to achieve the purpose of the study. Sampling techniques allows the research to identify and select actual subjects from the target population to take part in the research, including participation in the interventions and collecting of information concerning their experience or perceptions regarding the subject under investigation (Privitera, 2013). Since the researcher cannot conduct a survey, due to the amount of time required and the extensive data collected through qualitative research, sampling allows selection of a representative group whose experiences are then generalized and applied to the entire population (Privitera, 2013). For the purpose of this study, the researcher will use purposive sampling technique, which allows the researcher to define the objective of the researcher and identify people whose experiences, feelings and data collected allows for the attainment of the purpose of the study. Through the purposive sampling technique, the researcher already has understanding of the type of information and feedback that is being sought and the type of people that can provide the desired information (Tongco, 2007). The researcher then goes out to identify the people, question them and collect the information. Due to the flexibility, and ease of use the purposive sampling method is effective for collecting qualitative data from participants. Therefore, the researcher will use the purposive sampling technique to identify subjects or participants to attain the purpose of investigating the effectiveness of kegel exercises in improving bladder control in mothers during the postnatal period from their own exp eriences and subjective feelings. The sample size is very critical in attaining the purpose of a research. A small sample size is manageable, especially when conducting qualitative study. This is because it allows the researcher to collect adequate and manageable data to allow for easier processing, analysis and presentation. Nevertheless, a small sample size is disputable when it fails to collect adequate information resulting into conclusions that can be generalized to the entire population. A researcher needs to be very careful while determining and selecting the sample size to avoid introducing selection and representative bias in the study. A sample size of 30 mothers will be deemed adequate, relevant and manageable for attaining the purpose of the proposed study. Data Collection Secondary data will be collected through a review of previous data from books, journals and other relevant publications. The literature review will guide the development of context, background and understanding of the theoretical background governing the proposed study. Moreover, literature review will be critical in understanding the existing body of knowledge concerning the subject under investigation, delineating the proposed study from previous studies, setting the scope, determining existing gaps and limitations of previous studies and providing recommendations for future investigations. Primary data will be critical in attaining the purpose of the proposed study. Since this is a qualitative study, it will be important to collect primary data on the feelings and experiences of the mothers admitted with stress urinary incontinence and their perception of the bladder control exercises in preventing and treating the problem. Face-to-face interviews will be important in collecting primary data as this will ensure completeness of the semi-structured interviews and provide an opportunity for the researcher to probe, clarify information and conduct necessary checks to ensure accuracy and correctness of the information collected. Each participant will be interviewed alone in her own nursing room to allow for privacy and confidentiality since urinary stress incontinence is a very embarrassing problem for postnatal mothers. With the permission of the mothers, the researcher shall record the interviews and replay them to allow for summary, clarification and approval of the part icipants regarding its accuracy. After the interview process, the researcher will engage in transcription of the recorded interviews. The transcriptions will be given to an independent reviewer to check for accuracy and consistency. Three level coding approached proposed by Morse (1994) framework will be used to perform analysis of the collected data. The first step will involve identifying unique codes to represent specific information or meaning for every category. The second step will involve developing groups for the coded data to establish similar meanings, subthemes and categories from the collected information. The final step will involve establishing broad categories, trends and common themes emerging from the data and drawing relevant insights, interpretations and conclusions from the data. Two independent reviewers will go through the codes and compare it with the actual data collected from the participants to ensure accuracy, correctness and appropriateness of the coding process (Graneheim and Lundman, 20 04). Rigor, Reliability and validity The concept of rigor is very important while conducting qualitative investigations. In qualitative studies, rigor entails discovering or determining the trustworthiness of the research findings to address the research problem or question. Unlike quantitative studies that rely on the empirical test of reliability and validity, it is very difficult to establish rigor in qualitative investigations. Nevertheless, the researcher can establish rigor using a set of techniques and methods including determining the credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability of the research findings. The researcher will ensure credibility of the data and information collected by tape recording the data, conducting members check and verifying the data with the participants. Transferability will be assessed by sharing the data and information with independent reviewers for constructive criticisms. Dependability will be assessed will be assessed by providing the information to a professional nurse implementing the kegel exercises program to determine correctness of coding and analysis process. Finally, confirmability will be assessed through using the actual words that the participants used to describe their experience and perceptions of kegel exercises in improving bladder control in postnatal mothers. Ethical considerations will be critical to the attainment of the proposed study. the researcher will seek permission and approval from the university ethics committee before commencing the study. Moreover, the researcher will seek permission and approval from the hospital Management and nurses prior to the commencement of the study. Finally, the researcher will provide informed consent to the participating mothers to inform them of the purpose of the study, and their right to terminate their involvement when they deem necessary. The researcher will ensure privacy of the participants by not sharing their personal experiences and using codes instead of their names. Sampling is likely to introduce selection bias in the study. This is particularly challenging when the researcher fails to select an appropriate and representative population. The choice of the qualitative research design is likely to limit the study because it is not possible to collect and analyze quantitative data and conduct reliability and validity tests. The small sample size may affect the quality, and accuracy of the research findings, which will influence the process of drawing insights and conclusions and ultimately limit the generalization of the findings to the entire population. Conclusion The proposed research will investigate the experiences and perceptions of mothers concerning the effectiveness of kegel exercises in improving bladder control during the postnatal period. this study is important because there are few qualitative studies exploring the subject. Moreover, many mothers are unaware of the possible effectiveness of kegel exercises in controlling urinary stress incontinence, which continues to affect many mothers after they have given birth. References Barlow, F.H., 1978. Physiotherapy in obstetrics and gynaecology.British medical journal,2(6150), p.1497. Bernard, H.R. and Bernard, H.R., 2012.Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Sage B, K., Hagen, R.H., Kvarstein, B., Jrgensen, J., Larsen, S. and Burgio, K.L., 1990. Pelvic floor muscle exercise for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence: III. Effects of two different degrees of pelvic floor muscle exercises.Neurourology and Urodynamics,9(5), pp.489-502 Boyle, R., Hay-Smith, E.J., Cody, J.D. and Mrkved, S., 2012. Pelvic floor muscle training for prevention and treatment of urinary and faecal incontinence in antenatal and postnatal women.Cochrane Database Syst Rev,10, p.CD Burgio, K.L., Robinson, J.C. and Engel, B.T., 1986. The role of biofeedback in Kegel exercise training for stress urinary incontinence.American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology,154(1), pp.58-64. Chiarelli, P. and Cockburn, J., 2002. Promoting urinary continence in women after delivery: randomised controlled trial.Bmj,324(7348), p.1241. Corbin, J. M., Strauss, A. (1990). Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria. Qualitative sociology, 13(1): 3-21. Dnmez, S. and Kavlak, O., 2015. Effects of prenatal perineal massage and Kegel exercises on the integrity of postnatal perine.Health,7(04), p.495-505 Ege, E., Ak?n, B., Altuntu?, K., Benli, S. and Arioez, A., 2008. Prevalence of urinary incontinence in the 12-month postpartum period and related risk factors in Turkey.Urologia internationalis,80(4), pp.355-361 Farrell, S.A., Allen, V.M. and Baskett, T.F., 2001. Parturition and urinary incontinence in primiparas.Obstetrics Gynecology,97(3), pp.350-356 Galletta, A., 2013.Mastering the semi-structured interview and beyond: From research design to analysis and publication. NYU Press Gorbea, C.V., Velzquez, S.M.P. and Kunhardt, R.J., 2004. Effect of pelvic floor exercise during pregnancy and puerperium on prevention of urinary stress incontinence.Ginecologia y obstetricia de Mexico,72, pp.628-636. Graneheim, U.H. and Lundman, B., 2004. Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness.Nurse education today,24(2), pp.105-112. Hammer, R.L., Perkins, J. and Parr, R., 2000. Exercise during the childbearing year.The Journal of perinatal education,9(1), pp.1-13. Hay-Smith, J., Mrkved, S., Fairbrother, K.A. and Herbison, G.P., 2008. Pelvic floor muscle training for prevention and treatment of urinary and faecal incontinence in antenatal and postnatal women.Cochrane Database Syst Rev,4, p.CD. Hvidman, L., Foldspang, A., Mommsen, S. and Nielsen, J.B., 2003. Postpartum urinary incontinence.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica,82(6), pp.556-563 Lauwers, J. and Swisher, A., 2015.Counseling the nursing mother. Jones Bartlett Publishers Littleton-Gibbs, L.Y. and Engebretson, J., 2012.Maternity nursing care. Cengage Learning Macdonald, S., 2011.Mayes' Midwifery: a textbook for midwives. Elsevier Health Sciences. Mrkved, S. and B, K., 1999. Prevalence of urinary incontinence during pregnancy and postpartum.International Urogynecology Journal,10(6), pp.394-398. Morse, J.M., 1994. Emerging from the data: the cognitive process of analysis in qualitative enquiry. IN: Morse, JM.Critical Issues in Qualitative Research Methods Park, S.H. and Kang, C.B., 2014. Effect of Kegel Exercises on the Management of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Advances in Nursing,2014, pp. 1-10 Privitera, G.J., 2013.Research methods for the behavioral sciences. Sage Publications Ricci, S.S. and Kyle, T., 2009.Maternity and pediatric nursing. Lippincott Williams Wilkins Sangsawang, B. and Sangsawang, N., 2013. Stress urinary incontinence in pregnant women: a review of prevalence, pathophysiology, and treatment.International urogynecology journal,24(6), pp.901-912. Thom, D.H. and Rortveit, G., 2010. Prevalence of postpartum urinary incontinence: a systematic review.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica,89(12), pp.1511-1522. Tongco, M.D.C., 2007. Purposive sampling as a tool for informant selection.Ethnobotany Research and applications,5, pp.147-158 Viktrup, L., 2002. The risk of lower urinary tract symptoms five years after the first delivery.Neurourology and urodynamics,21(1), pp.2-29 Wagg, A., 2010.Women's Experiences, Beliefs and Knowledge of Urinary Symptoms in the Postpartum Period and the Perceptions of Health Professionals(Doctoral dissertation) Wilson, P.D., Herbison, R.M. and Herbison, G.P., 1996. Obstetric practice and the prevalence of urinary incontinence three months after delivery.BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics Gynaecology,103(2), pp.154-161.

The Early Purges Analysis Essay Example For Students

The Early Purges Analysis Essay The poem The Early Purges by Seamus Heaney is about animals which are put to death because they were needless in the human life. The title tells us that something was cleared out young in its life. The word purges means getting rid of and early means that the animals were young. The writer tells us in the poem of how he saw the kittens drowned and how he thought it cruel, but he then grows up and tells us that it may seem cruel, but that was what life was like on the farm. He shows that he was young by starting of with I was six when I first saw kittens drown. We will write a custom essay on The Early Purges Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This would be very shocking to someone as young. In the second sentence he says the scraggy wee shits. There is some harsh language used here and also, it shows that Dan Taggart could be Irish and so was Seamus Heaney. It says pitched them, and this tells us that Dan Taggart was none too gentle with the kittens and that he had seen it happening to the animals, too many times to feel sorry for them. Then it says a frail, metal sound and this shows a weak and fragile sound and it shows how helpless the kittens were. This stanza introduces Dan Taggart and shows of how life was on the farm. From the line soft paws scraping like mad, it shows how helpless they were as they were panicking and desperate to escape. The next sentence says but their tiny din was soon soused. Soon soused means stopped and after this sentence we realise that the cats have drowned in the bucket. Also in the same sentence the writer says slung on the snout. This is more alliteration. Dan Taggart in the next verse says Sure isnt it better for them now. From this it tells us that he thinks he did the right thing as he thought that the cats were pests running around on the farm, wasting food and time. The cats had no purpose so what was the point of them living so he killed them. The next two sentences like wet gloves, they bobbed and shone till he sluiced them out on the dung hill, glossy and dead. This shows that the writer had a very detailed memory of the scene and still remembered it all the way from his childhood. Also, from the way the verse ends with a full stop, it shows that the verse ended with finality and it was quite dramatic. The fifth paragraph says that Seamus was really shocked by what had happened and what he had seen and it uses verbs like trapped and snared. And from the fourth verse he describes the cats as turn mealy and crisp as old summer dung. This shows that he had a great memory recall and that the image stuck in his brain. The sixth verse is quite harsh and now he wasnt shocked of the purging because he says Still, living displaces false sentiments, and now, when shrill pups are prodded down to drown, I just shrug, bloody pups, it makes sense. This clearly shows that he has changed hi opinion of what he had seen in his childhood. He now understands why the animals were killed on the farms and now doesnt care if he kills them himself. From the sentence above again shows that he knows why they are killed. The last verse shows the proper meaning of the poem. This stanza tells us that he sees animals give birth and die. Dead or dying animals are natural. If they dont have a purpose in life on the farm then they have no purpose ling. In towns, the deliberate death of animals isnt common or natural, so if they find it hard they must realise that everyone dies then decomposes. From the poem cat, the background is of a man that impersonates a cat and describes how he sneaks out of the house to his greenhouse. .u1ff1cd09ac093bfba3f9dc251efdf609 , .u1ff1cd09ac093bfba3f9dc251efdf609 .postImageUrl , .u1ff1cd09ac093bfba3f9dc251efdf609 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1ff1cd09ac093bfba3f9dc251efdf609 , .u1ff1cd09ac093bfba3f9dc251efdf609:hover , .u1ff1cd09ac093bfba3f9dc251efdf609:visited , .u1ff1cd09ac093bfba3f9dc251efdf609:active { border:0!important; } .u1ff1cd09ac093bfba3f9dc251efdf609 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1ff1cd09ac093bfba3f9dc251efdf609 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1ff1cd09ac093bfba3f9dc251efdf609:active , .u1ff1cd09ac093bfba3f9dc251efdf609:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1ff1cd09ac093bfba3f9dc251efdf609 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1ff1cd09ac093bfba3f9dc251efdf609 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1ff1cd09ac093bfba3f9dc251efdf609 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1ff1cd09ac093bfba3f9dc251efdf609 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1ff1cd09ac093bfba3f9dc251efdf609:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1ff1cd09ac093bfba3f9dc251efdf609 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1ff1cd09ac093bfba3f9dc251efdf609 .u1ff1cd09ac093bfba3f9dc251efdf609-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1ff1cd09ac093bfba3f9dc251efdf609:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gerald Croft EssayThe poem The Early Purges is about how farm life may seem cruel but is purposeful. The early Purges, I think, is better because it is a fact and is based on events on farms. Even though Cat gives a positive mood, it is quits imaginative. The early purges has a bit more negative mood but we soon understand that its the only way. For Cat, the words are simple but it makes the reader understand, but for early purges, it is very descriptive and also it is in an Irish accent for e. g. the words scraggy wee shits and soused and sure isnt it better for them now. For Cat the words are still of a positive mood but for early purges, there are harsh words such as shot dead, scraggy wee shits, bloody pups and sudden tug. However, this brings reality into the verse. Cat has no rhyme or rhythm but early purges has got a regular rhythm like each verse has got 3 lines and each line have 11 syllables. In Cat, there are more interesting techniques for example there is more repetition like for the azaleas , 3 times, onomatopoeia for hush and touch and alliteration for flattening my fur. In The early Purges, the writer uses some rhyme and rhythm to show how on well rune farms, pests have to be kept down and the writer keeps the poem flowing like a story till the end and as an event through his life. Both the poems are quite imaginative as they have a lot of description that might enable us to picture what is going on in our heads. For Cat, there are lots of examples like the whole poem shows how a cat would sneak about, and as cats are common, we can get a clear picture of what is happening. It says in the poem that the writer is sometimes an unseen marmalade cat, and this gives us a picture of a special and unique colour cat. In early purges, they use a simile, like wet gloves and this gives us a picture of something that is waterlogged and these things make the poems realistic or let us imagine what is actually happening. The stanza of Cat is written into no visible form of verses or anything because the poem is actually 1 continuous journey about a cat on the way to the greenhouse. The viewpoint of Cat is of a writer called Alan Brownjohn, who describes himself by using personification to show how he sneaks of to the greenhouse and goes to sniff the flowers. This poem is a gentle and flowing poem and is quite positive. The early Purges is by the writer Seamus Heaney. He uses the poem to tell us that animals grown on the farm would have to be killed to save time and energy as well as money. The kittens were like pests and they had no purpose on the farm so they had to be killed. This poem is quite harsh but thats just the way life is.